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Abstract
Current irrigation management zones (IMZs) for variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems are static. They are delineated in the beginning of the season and used thereafter. However, recent research has shown that IMZs boundaries are transient and change with time. Plant-based measurements such as leaf water potential (LWP) are being widely used on irrigation scheduling because of its accurate indication of when irrigation is needed. However, LWP is time consuming and scale limited. In this context, authors have explored the use of remote sensing to detect or estimate crop water status to overcome this limitation. Three studies were conducted in experimental and commercial cotton field in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the use of remote sensing to develop dynamic irrigation management zones for variable rate irrigation in cotton. The first study was conducted in two experimental cotton fields located in Camilla, GA in the 2018 and 2020 growing seasons. In this study, ground physiological measurements, and remotely sensed data from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were collected weekly in 2018 and biweekly in 2020. The second study was conducted in a commercial cotton field in South Georgia in 2019 and 2020. UAV and satellite data were collected weekly in both seasons. Soil water tension and a variety of physiological parameters were also collected in the same day as the flights. Predicted plant height map was used to change IMZs boundaries during the cotton vegetative stage. The last study was conducted in 2019. Satellite images were downloaded from three different locations in Southern USA. Available coarse thermal images from MODIS were sharpened at 30, 60, 120, and 240 m resolutions using NDVI developed from Sentinel-2 and VENµS. Results from the three studies indicated great potential in the use of remote sensing to delineate dynamic management zones. Based on results predicted LWP maps can be created based on UAV-based canopy temperature. Sharpening of coarse thermal satellite images also showed relevant results for field scale. Indirect indicators of water status such as plant height was shown to be a great alternative for management zones delineation during the initial stages of growth and development.