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Abstract

A “big chamber” microfluidic experiment as well as a microfluidic experiment were designed to demonstrate that communication existed among cells. At the macroscopic limit (~150,000 cells), there was a high degree of phase synchronization between cells in the artificial tissue. In the microwell experiment, single cells in individual wells showing phase synchronization provided strong evidence for the quorum sensing hypothesis and some information about the communication parameters that quantitate quorum sensing. The measurement of averages over single cell trajectories in the microwell device supported a deterministic quorum sensing model identified by ensemble methods for clock phase synchronization. A strong inference framework was used to test the communication mechanism in phase synchronization of quorum sensing versus cell-to-cell contact, suggesting support for quorum sensing. In addition, a microfluidic chip with serpentine channels was fabricated to captured individual hypha. Fluorescence of a mCherry recorder gene driven by a clock-controlled gene-2 promoter (ccg-2p) was measured simultaneously along hyphae for every half an hour for at least 6 days. Furthermore, hyphae also displayed temperature compensation properties, where the period of oscillations were stable over a physiological range of temperatures from 24 °C to 30 °C (Q 10 = 1.00-1.10). Hyphae tracked in individual serpentine channels were highly synchronized (K=0.60-0.78). A clock model developed was able to mimic hyphal growth observed in the serpentine chip. Finally, a density-dependent metabolic switch model involving in Ethanol production in a qa-x background in Neurospora crassa was developed to test whether available RNA profiling and Continuous in vivo Metabolism-NMR data are consistent with the hypotheses that: (1) quorum sensing (QS) in Ethanol production is the QS mechanism in phase synchronization of the clock; (2) the QS signal is (are) an aromatic alcohol(s); (3) the gene (NCU03643) encodes the quorum sensing regulator. Ensemble methods were used to fit this hypothesis successfully to RNA profiling and CIVM-NMR data in four experiments at high and low density in qa-x and Wildtype genetic backgrounds. In this way a detailed biochemical mechanism is put forward to explain the phase synchronization of single cells in Neurospora crassa.

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