Examination of more than 3,000 museum specimens yielded 102 new species of Aspidiphorus. Of those, thirteen are hypothesized to form a monophyletic group, here named the Aspidiphorus uenoi species group. A taxonomic treatment of this species group is provided, including a morphological study, new species descriptions, keys, illustrations, and notes on Aspidiphorus distribution and biology. Due to its astonishing biodiversity, the small island of Madagascar is globally significant in terms of species conservation. Ideally, the logical progression toward conservation begins with an assessment of species present on the island. As in many tropical regions, insects and beetles, in particular, form a conspicuous part of Madagascars fauna. Of the Sphindidae, two of nine genera occur in Madagascar: Sphindus and Aspidiphorus. The Aspidiphorus of Madagascar are herein described and illustrated, and a taxonomic key to those species is included.