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Abstract
The understanding of cellular function is essential to identify new targets for active cancer therapy. Natural and synthetic particles especially in nanoscale level have attracted immense interest for probing cellular mechanism and therapeutic intervention in cancer. A natural occurred biological nanoparticleexosomeis a powerful tool to investigate the cellular function in cancer due to its unique biological properties. Exosomes are secreted from almost all cell types and play significant roles in cell-cell communication through translocation of incorporated components. Organic polymers have attracted great interest in synthetic particles due to the advantage of biodegradability, biocompatibility and controllable releasing payload. Biological and organic particles are used to investigate mechanistic pathways of protein acylation and cellular functions for cancer. Myristoylation promotes the encapsulation and translocation of oncogenic proteins (e.g., Src) through exosomes, which induces the apoptosis of recipient cells. Organic nanoparticles are able to induce the apoptosis of cancer cell by modulating the subcellular function. These findings provide new insights into design and development of nanoparticles for probing cellular function and identification of novel targets for cancer therapy.