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Abstract

Post-activation-potentiation (PAP) has become an increasingly popular method for inducing temporary increases in torque using heavy resistance training movements. In this study we evaluated two different training protocols and their impact on power, symmetry, and stability for both lower and upper-body. Fifty healthy resistance-trained men between 18-29 years of age were randomly assigned to one of three groups, control (1C), traditional (2T), or experimental (3E). Subjects were tested on 6 assessments of muscle function, before performing 2 sets of 2-3 near-maximal repetitions on the barbell squat and bench press, followed by post-testing on the same 6 assessments. The control group (1C) performed no resistance training between the pre and post-testing. Group 2T and 3E performed identical protocols with the exception of the style in which repetitions were performed with 2T performing standard repetitions (controlled-eccentric followed by forceful-concentric) while 3E performed all repetitions using a novel eccentric-isometric approach (3s-eccentric, 4s-isometric at bottom/stretched position, and maximal-speed concentric phase). It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference between the groups for each of the 6 tests and that 2T would improve more so than 1C while group 3E would improve more so than both 1C and 2T. Statistical analysis using individual Mixed-Design/Split-Plot-Repeated-Measures-ANOVA's demonstrated that five of the six outcome measures showed a significant effect. Similar results were witnessed for the Vertical Jump and Power Pushup both demonstrating a significant effect with 2T having significantly greater improvements in measures of power than 1C while 3E had significantly greater improvements than both 2T and 1C. Results for upper-body symmetry (bodyweight-pushup) and lower-body symmetry tests (bodyweight-squat) mirrored each other both demonstrating a significant effect with 3E showing superior symmetry compared to both 1C and 2T. The Bosu ball squat assessing lower-body stability was the only test of the six that showed no significant effect. The Bosu ball pushup assessing upper-body stability showed a significant effect with 3E showing significant improvements in upper-body stability compared to 2T. In summary it appears that eccentric isometrics were superior to traditional training protocols for inducing temporary improvements in upper and lower-body measures for five of the six assessments

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