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Abstract

Fusarium verticillioides is a fungal phytopathogen of maize. F. verticillioides produces the fumonisin mycotoxins, which pose a threat to human and animal health. Sarocladium zeae is a nonpathogenic fungal endophyte of maize suggested as a potential biocontrol for F. verticillioides. S. zeae produces the secondary metabolites, pyrrocidine A & B, that are antagonistic towards F. verticillioides and inhibit its production of fumonisin. It has been shown that the FvMBL1 gene is required for F. verticillioides to resist the maize antimicrobial phytochemical 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA). We found S. zeae possesses an ortholog of FvMBL1 that is also required for its ability to resist BOA. Our other findings show that S. zeae reduced the amount of fumonisin B1 recovered from maize ears when co-inoculated with F. verticillioides, the presence of S. zeae and F. verticillioides was surveyed in starburst kernels collected in Georgia, and the biosynthetic gene cluster that produces pyrrocidine was identified.

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