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Abstract

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius- transmitted viruses limit vegetable production in the Southeastern United States. Two whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses (Cucurbit leaf crumple virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus) and one Crinivirus, Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, are very important in Georgia. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CSYDV), and cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) occur as mixed infections in squash. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of CYSDV and/or CuLCrV infections on whitefly fitness and preference. Whiteflies preferred non-infected over infected plants, but no effects were observed on whitefly fitness. In Georgia, multiple crops host for CuLCrV are planted next to each other. Transmission studies were conducted to evaluate whitefly-mediated transmission of CuLCrV from different hosts into squash. It was concluded that CuLCrV epidemics in squash largely depend on the primary source of infection. During screening for CuLCrV, another Begomovirus, Sida golden mosaic virus was detected for the first time in snap bean in Georgia. Host range studies revealed that sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) can infect plants in three families: hollyhock, marshmallow, okra, country-mallow, prickly sida, tobacco and snap bean. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SiGMV identified in this study is related to other sida viruses reported from the New World. B. tabaci has been in the U.S. for three decades, but its genetic structure at the farmscape level is poorly understood. In order to better understand the population structure of B. tabaci at the farmscape level, we collected 36 different populations of whiteflies from different farmscapes across Georgia. Five different types of whiteflies were recorded: the banded-wing whitefly, the greenhouse whitefly, the citrus whitefly, and two sweetpotato whitefly cryptic species: MEAM1 and MED. Population genetics analysis revealed minor difference between B. tabaci populations colonizing different host plants, but for the first time, MED was found in field-grown snap bean in the Oconee, County of Georgia. To assess the impact of introduction of MED in Georgia’s farmscape, we compared the transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and CuLCrV by MEAM1 and MED biotypes. TYLCV was transmitted by both MED and MEAM1. However, CuLCrV was transmitted only by MEAM1.

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