Pollinator declines have been linked to both anthropogenic habitat alterations and pesticide exposure. Wild bees in the United States require nesting substrates such as soil, detritus, or deadwood to complete their life cycles. Anthropogenic alterations to forest structure, such as clearcutting and forest roads, may have varying impacts on wild bee nesting habitat and thus drive bee community structure. Neonicotinoid pesticides such as imidacloprid are used to control forest and orchard pests and can persist in soils, thus may have impacts on wild bees which utilize soil for nesting material. The goals of this project was to 1) determine how bee communities respond to both edge effects and nesting habitat variability created by forest roads and clearcuts in southeastern forests and 2) determine how acute contact with imidacloprid residues in soil affects solitary nesting bees. 1) Bees were sampled in replicates of three habitat types along a gradient from the edge of forest roads: mature hardwoods, managed pine, and regenerating clearcuts. Each site was surveyed for a set of nesting habitat indicators including depth of duff layer, volume of downed wood, decay class of downed wood and number of standing snags. Regenerating clearcuts were high in alpha diversity of wild bees but displayed higher functional overlap in the bee community, favoring social soil nesting groups. Forested sites, especially hardwoods, provide more nesting niche opportunities leading to higher functional dispersion, evenness and higher beta diversity, and supported more cavity nesting, softwood nesting, solitary and early season bees. Nesting habitat indicators explained 20% of the variation in species composition 53% of the variation in bee functional community composition. 2) Adult females of the solitary mason bee Osmia lignaria Say were exposed to soil with residues of imidacloprid at concentrations of 0, 50, 390 and 780 ppb, and effects on and nesting behavior and mortality was assessed. A choice assay was developed to determine whether females avoid contaminated soils. Imidacloprid soil residue exposure caused reduced nest production in adult females exposed to soils at the highest level (780 ppb), and male-biased sex ratios is offspring of females exposed to soils at the lowest level (50 ppb). Morality was relative to the degree soil moisture, with no mortality effects at any level of concentration when soil moisture was 20%, and >50% mortality at all levels of imidacloprid when soil moisture was 40%. Adult females showed no discernment in selecting between uncontaminated soils and soils with residue up to 1000 ppb when given a choice.