This study involves a two-phase investigation of the mechanical and thermal performance of portland cement concrete (PCC) mixtures containing hemp fibers and hurds. In Phase I, hemp fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) mixtures were batched to analyze the effects of treated and untreated hemp fibers of varying lengths and fiber ratios on the fresh and hardened properties of HFRC. Phase II involved the addition of hemp hurd to PCC as a replacement for coarse aggregate to obtain an insulative, structural material. Structural hempcrete mixtures were analyzed to determine the effects of varying supplemental cementitious materials (slag, metakaolin, and silica fume) on the fresh and hardened properties of the mixtures. Results from this study showed that hemp fibers did not provide the necessary strength to produce an increase to the flexural strength of the PCC, and as hemp hurds were added to PCC thermal properties were inherited at the expense of strength.