Effective environmental governance is often viewed as one of the most important contributing factors to successful conservation. Good alignment between institutions and the geographical extents of ecological issues or systems they are meant to manage contributes to this success (known as “social-ecological fit”). However, issues and systems often extend beyond the control of any one organization or agency and thus require the efforts of multiple actors working together to achieve their common goals. Different governance structures may vary in the degree to which they foster networks for successful collective action. In this dissertation, I analyze the performance of Colombia’s environmental governance in conserving the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), a flagship species entangled in human-wildlife conflict. My analysis considers the actions and interactions of three groups of conservation actors: 1) environmental authorities known as autonomous regional corporations (corporaciones autónomas regionales or CARs)—the primary entities responsible for implementing conservation policy in Colombia; 2) Colombia’s National Natural Park Service; and 3) nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Interinstitutional coordination is crucial as the known range of Andean bears in Colombia crosses the boundaries of 22 CARs and 22 national natural parks. My analysis was based on qualitative and social network data gathered via 67 semi-structured interviews with conservation practitioners during 2018-2019; these data were later integrated with a landscape connectivity model for Andean bears constructed with circuit theory. My research suggests that the successful coordination of large-scale wildlife conservation may yet require leadership from central institutions. Inconsistent program implementation among the CARs and limited information exchange potentially exacerbate human-bear conflicts, particularly at CAR borders. Only 30% of those CARs that shared habitat critical to Andean bear movement had communicated with one another about Andean bear research and conservation strategies. CARs were more likely to communicate with the National Natural Park Service or NGOs. These other entities were often located within the social network structure as intermediaries between otherwise disconnected CARs. These actors could use such strategic positions to facilitate coordination between CARs that share habitat important for Andean bear connectivity and, in so doing, improve social-ecological fit for the conservation of this species.