Files
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a common chemical found in plastics and epoxy-resins as an alternative for bisphenol A (BPA). Several studies have shown that BPA’s ability to mimic endogenous hormone signaling can lead to immunomodulation, exacerbation of type 1 diabetes (T1D), reproductive toxicity and behavioral changes. However, little is known about the effects of BPS. The current research objective was to determine the reproductive, neurological, and immunologic effects surrounding bisphenol exposure by utilizing NODEF mice and C. elegans. Male mice fed a soy-based diet and exposed to BPS during adulthood exhibited hyperactivity, increased anxiety-like behavior, decreased short-term memory, increased insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose tolerance, resistance to fasting and increased proinflammatory markers. Adult female mice fed a phytoestrogen-free diet exhibited hyperactivity, increased anxiety-like behaviors and increased proinflammatory markers. Mice exposed in utero exhibited increased hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior in male offspring and decreased working memory in female offspring. C. elegans exposed to BPS exhibited an ability to recover in 1-2 subsequent generations following one generation of exposure and an accumulative effect when exposed for up to three generations. In summary BPS causes behavioral changes, immunomodulation, and decreased fertility and can have a multigenerational effect.