5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a drug used to treat ulcerative colitis based on topical contact with colonic epithelium. However, due to gastric and intestinal digestion, orally administrated 5-ASA may be greatly degraded and may not reach the colon. Oleogel can be used as a carrier for the targeted delivery of active compounds with improved bioaccessibility. In this work, 5-ASA was successfully encapsulated in a nanocellulose incorporated coconut oil-sorbitan tristearate oleogel. The release of the 5-ASA from the matrix was tested in a static digestion model. The results showed that adding nanocellulose to the oleogel significantly improved the mechanical strength and thermal stability of oleogel. The oleogel encapsulation successfully delayed the release of 5-ASA in the gastrointestinal tract, and nanocellulose further modified the release properties of oleogel. The results indicated that the nanocellulose incorporated oleogel could serve as an effective delivery system for the targeted release of bioactives in digestive tract.