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Abstract
Obesity is one of the most severe health issues in modern society, and the increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity related disorders has been partially attributed to an increased high-fat diet. Lifestyle changes including exercise training and dietary modification to reduce the burden of obesity-related diseases are becoming more widely adopted, yet the most effective methods for treatment remain largely underdeveloped. Thus, the goal of the current work was to understand nutritional factors that regulate various metabolic activities in metabolic tissues. The current work found that a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet decreased plasma angiopoietin-1 in humans, which in turn, revealed that angiopoietin-1 protects pre-adipocytes from saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis and ER stress. In addition, we observed that dihydrosterculic acid from cottonseed oil reduces liver and plasma lipid profiles in an obese model of fatty liver by regulating angiopoietin-like protein 4. Lastly, this work describes the role of linoleic acid induced ANGPTL4 on inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The results described in this work provide important information that helps to better understand how dietary fats impact metabolic features in the body. Furthermore, through the process of this work and the results provided, it allows for an understanding of the mechanisms underlying diet-induced effects on tissue metabolic function that provides evidence for improvements in the quality of life.