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Abstract
Irrigation and fertilizer management practices for peach production in Georgia need revision. The major goal of this study was to develop a proper irrigation scheduling tool and determine the optimal fertilizer rate to meet peach tree requirements specific to Georgia and Southeastern US. It aimed to evaluate the overall effects of different irrigation and fertilization practices on plant growth, physiology, yield, fruit quality, and nutritional profile in a young and mature peach orchard. The first study tested peach trees of the 'Julyprince' cultivar grafted onto 'Guardian' rootstock for nutritional aspects in different irrigation levels, irrigation systems, and fertilizer rates. Results indicated that an increase in fertilizer rates did not necessarily increase nutrient levels in soil, leaves, and fruit. Although nutrients were abundant in the soil, they were not necessarily available to young peach trees. In the second study, a SmartIrrigation Peach App was developed, which schedules weekly irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration. It was evaluated against sensor-based irrigation and no supplemental irrigation in a young orchard of 'Julyprince' grafted on 'Guardian' and 'MP-29' rootstocks. Results indicated that the app-based method used less water than the sensor-based method while producing comparable plant size and yield. The third study compared the performance of the Peach App to a sensor-based method in a mature peach orchard, along with two irrigation systems and two fertilizer rates. Results showed that water use by the app-based method was 85% of the sensor-based method, but the plant size, photosynthesis, yield, and fruit parameters were comparable between these methods. The fourth study compared the nutritional status of young and mature peach trees between irrigation methods, rootstocks, and fertilizer rates. Results suggested that the ‘MP-29’ rootstock was more efficient in nutrient uptake and distribution than ‘Guardian’. Nutrient distribution within irrigation methods and fertilizer rates were comparable. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the nutritional status of young and mature peach trees, the development of sustainable irrigation management, the potential of the SmartIrrigation Peach App as an efficient irrigation scheduling tool, and an optimal fertilizer rate that could be used for peach orchards in Georgia and Southeastern US.