While focusing on the role of states in creating official ethnoracial categories, historical sociological research loses sight of the dynamics of state and nonstate actors that lie behind the creation of these categories. Drawing on interviews with government officials and indigenous leaders and media content analysis, I integrate historical sociology with political ethnography to show how state officials and indigenous leaders remake indigeneity in Peru. I analyze the implementation of the Law of Prior Consultation (2011-2015), which standardizes the "objective" and "subjective" criteria to identify populations as indigenous. I argue that official indigeneity is in in-betweenness. State officials and indigenous leaders have multiple interpretations of the law and its criteria, constantly disputing who should be considered indigenous in Peru.