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Abstract
Cilia are hairlike organelles found on the surface of most cell types. Cilia segmentation is fundamentalto many biological studies and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis. Previously, biologists and
clinicians detected and classified cilia manually, which was time consuming and error-prone. Previous
studies have been using traditional and deep learning-based image segmentation methods for segmenting
cilia. In this study, we propose to use Gabor filters (GFs) to perform feature extraction and train the
U-Net model for cilia segmentation. We show that the composite models with the combination of Gabor
filtered features improve the performances of the U-Net base model. Our best composite model with
Gabor 25 (θ = π/2, σ=1, λ = π*3/4, γ = 0.05, ϕ=0) achieved an IoU of 0.37, almost 8% of improvement
of the performance of the base model. By comparing the performances of the GF composite model
with previous studies analyzing the cilia video set, we show that the presented framework outperformed
previous models in terms of IoU score. Using GF as a data augmentation tool can help to enhance the
robustness of features, and achieve a better performance.