Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has demonstrated promise for phytoremediation purposes due to its deep roots, large biomass, and ability to survive exposure to relatively high levels of heavy metals. However, little research has been conducted to determine the impact of heavy metal accumulation in hemp grown for flower production for medicinal use. In particular, cadmium (Cd) accumulation in smokable plants, such as tobacco and hemp, is concerning for human health due to the harmful effects of Cd inhalation, which has been associated with serious health conditions and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. In the present dissertation, we determined the potential for Cd accumulation in industrial hemp varieties grown for cannabinoid production. Three distinct studies were conducted, aiming to elucidate the influence of Cd on C. sativa. Results from these studies suggest that the hemp variety ‘Purple Tiger’ exposed to up to 10 mg·L-1 Cd in hydroponic solutions were able to uptake Cd from the solution and translocate it to aboveground tissues, although roots were the primary site for Cd accumulation. Tolerance mechanisms may include upregulating expression of multiple ATPase HMA transporter genes in the root tissue. These transporters may likely be involved in Cd uptake in the roots via regulating its transport and sequestration, and xylem loading for long distance transport of Cd to shoot, leaf, and flower tissues. Furthermore, Cd was mainly localized in leaf epidermis, spongy mesophyll, and trichomes, and in root rhizodermis, cortex, and pericycle. Nutrient partitioning and Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation in day-length sensitive and day neutral hemp varieties to assess distinctions in Cd accumulation and distribution among plant tissues in hemp varieties with different growth and flowering habits. While Cd concentrations that were available to plants used in these studies are greater than what would be generally encountered on agricultural soils, our results indicate that hemp plants have the potential to accumulate Cd in aboveground tissues, although this is impacted by variety.