Our current understanding of responses of predators to nutrient enrichment of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is limited. Here, I investigated responses of larval salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Eurycea wilderae), vertebrate predators in forested headwater streams, to an experimental gradient of N and P enrichment, for two years. Salamander growth rates were stimulated by added nutrients and were positively related to P, but not N concentration. D. quadramaculatus increased consumption of prey biomass during enrichment, which was surprisingly driven by an increased proportion of biofilm consuming macroinvertebrates. No change was detected in E. wilderae prey biomass or composition. Investigation of threshold elemental ratios indicated that larval salamanders are potentially highly-P limited, but may also be limited by food quantity. Results of this study indicate that P enrichment can propagate through the food web in detritus-based streams and that unexpected food web pathways can emerge as a result of nutrient enrichment.