Wood pellet feedstock sourced from southeastern U.S. forests serves a vital role in meeting European energy goals. This study examined 67 recent southeastern pellet feedstock and roundwood harvests to evaluate the effects of pellet feedstock harvesting on site characteristics and environmental quality. This study also conducted mixed-methods surveys of wood pellet feedstock suppliers and pellet mill procurement managers in the southeastern U.S. to understand their operational characteristics and business perspectives. Characteristics of roundwood harvests for conventional pulpwood and pellet feedstock were found to be similar across all metrics - though pellet feedstock harvests utilizing in-woods chippers displayed slightly more site area in bare soil and operational features. Proper implementation of forestry best management practices is important regardless of harvest type. Logging businesses stated delivering feedstock to pellet mills strengthened their operations. Pellet feedstock suppliers and mill procurement managers alike displayed strongly positive outlooks on the environmental sustainability of feedstock harvesting operations.