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Abstract
Recent advancements in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) research have unveiled promising therapy options. Researchers are exploring innovative pharmacological treatments, gene editing methodologies, and epigenetic alterations to address covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). This category includes toll-like receptor agonists, checkpoint inhibitors, and entry inhibitors. Despite the potential of combination therapy to address viral persistence and treatment resistance, challenges remain regarding cccDNA persistence and immunological tolerance. Healthcare accessibility in resource-constrained environments continues to be an issue, even as the field progresses with improved biomarkers, diagnostics, and tailored medication strategies. Despite these limitations, there is optimism for enhanced outcomes owing to a robust pipeline of clinical candidates and a deeper understanding of HBV pathophysiology. The convergence of scientific discoveries, technological improvements, and global health initiatives presents an unprecedented potential to combat HBV and improve the quality of life for millions globally.INDEX WORDS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA), Therapeutic approaches, Epigenetic modifications, Gene editing, Combination therapy, Viral persistence