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Abstract
The clandestine nature of WMD procurement activities have left scholars with few sources of quantitative data to inform research designs. Using published government export violation cases, a novel dataset provides the first large-n sample of illicit military, dual-use, and commercial technology transfers. These data are converted into various networks to assess structural traits that describe how these different technologies illegally flow throughout the international system, reflecting how actors’ preferences regarding transaction costs and secrecy. Exponential random graph modeling reveals states’ economic globalization and proximity affect their likelihood of being involved in illicit dual-use transfers. There is mixed evidence that states’ participation in multilateral export control regimes increases their likelihood of receiving illicit dual-use transfers.