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Abstract
Healthcare utilization refers to the use of healthcare services for the prevention and treatment of illnesses and diseases. Since disease detection at its earliest stage may lead to better health outcomes and lower mortality rates, understanding factors that influence preventive healthcare utilization (e.g., perception of preventive healthcare and patient-provider communication) is critical for women’s overall health. Healthcare utilization is also influenced by social determinants of health. Understanding women’s healthcare utilization is essential because women experience more health challenges and have higher healthcare costs in their post-reproductive stage of life. Examples of preventive healthcare utilization that may affect overall health outcomes for women include cancer screenings and vaccinations that prevent the onset of illness, which can have long-term physical, emotional, and financial impacts. This study examines possible associations between healthcare perception and patient-provider communication across four domains of preventive healthcare: flu vaccine uptake, colorectal cancer screening, mammogram screening, and Pap test screening. Secondary data analysis was conducted on survey data collected in 2018, comprised of 2,508 participants ages 40 and above from across the United States. Chi-square tests analyzed the association between the predictor variables and outcome variables followed by binary and multiple logistic regression (unadjusted and adjusted). Results indicated an association between healthcare utilization and the predictor variables of interest: preventive healthcare perception and patient-provider communication. For each preventive healthcare domain, participants who did not perceive preventive healthcare to be beneficial had lower odds of uptake compared to those who did. Also, participants who had not engaged in patient-provider communication had lower odds of uptake compared to those who had engaged. A vital public health implication is informing policy interventions that improve preventive healthcare utilization. Recommendations include enhancing education and awareness campaigns to dispel negative perceptions about preventive care, and culturally based training for healthcare professionals to strengthen the patient-provider relationship. This investigation expands the literature on women’s preventive healthcare utilization during their post-reproductive years and offers recommendations to strengthen and expand current healthcare guidelines for women 40 and above.