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Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming popular in the United States, driven by the government for both federal and state incentives [1] and by the automotive industry to provide more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient EVs [2, 3]. The United States has been the largest EV market in the world for the past few years [3]. Unlike gasoline and diesel cars, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are powered exclusively by electricity and require electricity charging stations. These stations can be classified into three different power levels according to how quickly they can charge: level 1, level 2, and DC fast charging [4]. Level 1 is the basic charge station, which provides 110 V at a maximum of 3.3 kW of power. Level 2 raises the charge voltage to 240 V at a maximum of 19.2 kW. DC fast charging provides 480 V at around 50 kW, aiming to charge most EVs from zero to 80% in less than 30 minutes [5]. Unlike traditional plug-in charging stations, wireless charging has the advantages of no plug-in cables required, minimal tear and wear, and vandalism, making the charging experience convenient for EV drivers. Installing more EV charging stations could encourage EV usage and improve the sustainability of the UGA campus and Athens local community. Practical issues, such as where to put the charging stations, whether plug-in or wireless chargers should be installed, and how the additional charging stations would affect EV users' driving behaviors, will have to be considered during the planning phases of charging station installations. In this project, EV usage and charging patterns were recorded and analyzed over a duration of ten months. The study results provide practical insights for city planning for future installations of plug-in and wireless EV charging infrastructure. Analysis results were displayed in two conferences: 2015 Bioenergy System Research Institute Annual Retreat as a poster and 2015 Wireless Power Transfer Conference in Boulder, CO as a poster and a presentation. Six local EV users were involved to help record EV usage data. One leading charging station provider, ChargePoint, was willing to give more charging station data all across the Georgia State. EV usage data Recruitment poster was spread out on UGA campus and EV Club of the South, which has 805 members in south US. During the past six months, two new plug-in level 2 charging stations were implemented on campus, in south and east parking deck respectively. The first wireless charging station on campus was built in Driftmier Engineering center for initial study and comparison with traditional plug-in charging station. EV usage on campus was increasing significantly during past few months. More and more drivers are interested in electrical vehicles because of the clean energy and high efficient equivalent MPG. By improving awareness and usage of EVs, Based on the results of this project, one IEEE conference paper has been published and presented to more than 150 international scholars in University of Colorado-Boulder and one journal paper is under preparation. The project will continue going on to the next stage, involving more EV users both on campus and in GA State. More charging station data will be analyzed and monitored. Suggestions on locations of new charging facilities will be provided based on EV charging demand analyzed according to usage data that obtained from individual participants and ChargePoint Inc.

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