This manuscript style dissertation explored the Quality Improvement (QI) and Patient Safety (PS) needs of the United States healthcare system and assessed the types of QI/PS training currently provided to U.S. medical students. The first study utilized secondary data to examine physicians adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) recommended Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening protocol; while the second evaluated the types, content, and outcomes of existing peer-reviewed and published QI/PS training curricula for undergraduate medical students. The first manuscript identified a potential quality improvement gap in healthcare quality by assessing adherence to a specific evidence-based treatment protocol. It entailed using 2008-2009 State Medicaid Research Files (SMRF) from 29 states (representing 80% of the entire U.S. Medicaid enrollees) to identify persons diagnosed with urogenital sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease and syphilis, and then measuring the proportion subsequently screened for HIV. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted including logistic and binomial regressions, and an elaborate report provided. In the second manuscript, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search for published, peer-reviewed articles on existing QI/Ps training for undergraduate medical students through selected databases from July 2010 to July 2014 was performed to identify gaps in literature, and to inform the development of future curricula.The first study showed that less than half (42.9%) of STI-diagnosed patients were screened for HIV, far less than the expected proportion of STI-diagnosed persons screened for HIV based on CDC guidelines. While in the second study, sixteen articles were analyzed with mean study quality scores ranging from six to 17 for the Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) directives. Quality of studies were rated as low (n = 3), moderate (n = 9), or high (n = 4). Overall, this dissertation calls attention to the gaps in quality of healthcare in the U.S. health system today. It demonstrates the dire need for the incorporation of QI/PS strategies across settings and processes of the healthcare system, especially in undergraduate medical education.INDEX WORDS: Quality Improvement; Patient Safety; Undergraduate Medical Students; Curriculum, Training