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Abstract
Human protein kinases (HPKs) have profound effects on cellular responses. To better understand the role of HPKs and the signaling networks that influence influenza replication, a siRNA screen of 720 HPKs was performed. From the screen, 17 hit HPKs (NPR2, MAP3K1, DYRK3, EPHA6, TPK1, PDK2, EXOSC10, NEK8, PLK4, SGK3, NEK3, PANK4, ITPKB, CDC2L5, CALM2, PKN3, and HK2) were validated as important for A/WSN/33 influenza virus replication, and 6 HPKs (CDC2L5, HK2, NEK3, PANK4, PLK4 and SGK3) identified as important for A/New Caledonia/20/99 influenza virus replication. Meta-analysis of the hit HPK genes identified important for influenza virus replication showed a level of overlap, most notably with the p53/DNA damage pathway. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) predicted to target the validated HPK genes were determined based on miRNA seed site predictions from computational analysis and then validated using a panel of miRNA agonists and antagonists. The results identify miRNA regulation of hit HPK genes identified, specifically miR-148a by targeting CDC2L5 and miR-181b by targeting SGK3, and suggest these miRNAs also have a role in regulating influenza virus replication. Together these data advance our understanding of miRNA regulation of genes critical for virus replication and are important for development novel influenza intervention strategies.