Peanut is grown under warm climates. Therefore, this crop is often exposed to drought and heat throughout the season, impacting physiological processes such as photosynthesis and transpiration (Farooq et al., 2009). Drought and heat are known to increase the likelihood of Aspergillus flavus infection in peanuts, leading to aflatoxin contamination (Klich, 2007). Aflatoxin is extremely carcinogenic for humans, being an important issue with food and feed safety globally. meteorological conditions, irrigation availability, soil properties, and fertilization can increase aflatoxin contamination (Cole et al., 1989). However, the physiological response of peanut to these conditions leading to aflatoxin development has not been fully investigated. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the contribution of physiological parameters, soil properties and meteorological conditions to aflatoxin contamination in rainfed peanut fields, assess the spatial and temporal variability as well as the correlation of the parameters of greatest contribution to aflatoxin contamination.