This study examined the relationships between adenovirus (Ad)36 seropositivity and musculoskeletal development in children, 9-13 years of age through pubertal growth. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and cortical bone was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Antibodies for Ad36 were detected from fasting blood samples using an indirect enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analysis of covariance quantified the difference between bone and body composition in seropositive [Ad36(+)] (n=36) and seronegative [Ad36(-)] (n=35) participants. There were no differences in changes in body composition or radial outcomes. Changes in tibia muscle cross sectional area (MCSA) (p=.016), periosteal circumference (p=.021), and total area (p=.035) were significantly lower in the Ad36(+) children; controlling for limb length or MCSA nullified these findings. Change in height and limb length was higher in the Ad36(-) participants. Our data indicates that infection does not alter body composition though it may impact longitudinal growth.