This thesis treats the social problems of Martinique in the 1930s. In this work, I will analyze the novel La rue Cases-Ngres by Joseph Zobel and the film adaptation by Euzhan Palcy, with the theory of focalization, in four chapters. I will study focalization, a theory that treats the problem of who sees ? in a texte, as opposed to who speaks?, which is a problem of narration. By the internal and unique focalization of a young Martinican in these two works, we will see the social hierarchy that was present between blacks, mulattos and whites during this time period, as a result of French slavery and colonialization. In Zobels novel and Palcys film, we will see the struggles that the people of Martinique experience in a country that is influenced by a mixture of African, Creole and French cultures. We will also see hope for improvement through the eyes of Jos, the internal and only focalizer in the two media.