The National Park Service (NPS) has identified significant gaps in information on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mammal species in Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK). Given the paucity of information regarding the mammalian communities within this urban park, the objectives of this study were: (1) to document the occurrence of all mammal species, (2) to describe the distribution and relative abundance of each species, and (3) to investigate small mammal habitat affinities within the fragmented landscape. A year-long survey was conducted in 2005. Thirty seven of 46 potential species were found within the park. Peromyscus spp. occupancy was best predicted during the summer/fall sampling period on sites with low levels of grassland modification. Sigmodon hispidus occupancy was higher on grassland sites during the summer/fall season. Species richness was highest on sites that have larger percentages of vegetative ground cover and that were sampled during the summer/fall season.