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Abstract
The Cultural Adaptation and Adjustment Scale (CAAS) is an empirically designed instrument based on findings from past literature and research, for use in educational and counseling settings to assess characteristics of human adjustment, acculturation, and development. The CAAS was subjected to reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analysis procedures in order to explore its validity when used with non-Hispanic white and African American students, and with males and females. Reliability analyses revealed that the Cultural Insensitivity subscale had various items that decreased the reliability for all four groups, and the Positive Adaptation subscale, although few items appear problematic, had very low internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the CAAS model fit marginally well for non-Hispanic whites, but poorly for all other groups. A multiple-groups SEM analysis revealed that the relationships between the latent constructs and both genders are invariant. However, these relationships are different across ethnic groups.