How does telework impact gender equality in the public sector workplace? Public administration research underscores the need to promote gender equality in government to establish inclusive public organizations and sustain diversity management efforts. Yet, the way telework contributes to gender equality remains underexplored. This dissertation provides theoretical and empirical studies examining whether telework has the potential to worsen gender inequalities in the workplace. The second chapter conducts a review of telework’s potential advantages and disadvantages and suggests further research directions. The third chapter asks whether female teleworkers are disadvantaged in performance appraisals. Experimental analysis reveals that female teleworkers get lower performance scores due to managerial biases, while men do not. The fourth chapter explores gender differences in the effects of telework on work-to-family conflict. Survey data from two waves indicate that female teleworkers don't perceive reduced work-to-family conflict, while male teleworkers do. Overall, these findings highlight that telework has the potential to worsen gender equality instead of promoting it within government contexts.