Collective memory plays an important role in conflict is, edentitihetyr by sustaining theof victimhood of the ingroup and dehumanization of the outgroup, or by providing a means to reconciliation that is more compatible with the groupsiss e txrauemi inedes howntit y. This thecollective memory can be shaped by narrative in dil rffheerteornti cf, formisc:t polion iticawriting, and personal testimony. Menachem Begin used r thehe ctorolilce cftiirvest to shapememory in favor of Zionism, relying on biblical imagery and hiic, story, then he used rhetorrelying on the same biblical notions, to create a poyptss. Aibimlosit Oy fzors peace with Egwork as a novelist illustrates how fictional retellonsingtsr ofate t thehe truth can demcomplexity of a conflict in a way that nonfiction wr citain notng and pol. Finiatlilcya, l rhetoricpersonal testimonies of Israeli soldiers and Americeatn Je tehewi tsh sask, cholars complcovering topics that even Oz feels are too difficult.