Although Francesco Fanciulli composed several pieces for the famous band of Patrick Gilmore, served as John Philip Sousas successor as leader of the United States Marine Band (1892-1897), and established his own successful band in New York, he is a largely forgotten figure in the history of the American wind band. Gilmore reportedly called Fanciullis The Voyage of Columbus the greatest piece of descriptive music ever written, but this noteworthy work for band has fallen into obscurity. This document sketches Fanciullis biography, assesses the significance of The Voyage of Columbus, and discusses the editing process used in creating a modern performance edition of The Voyage of Columbus.