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Abstract
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate deficits in cognitive control (CC). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, patterns of brain activation associated with performance on an antisaccade task were examined in eleven predominantly black children with ADHD (10 medicated) who were matched to eleven typically developing black children. Results indicated significantly greater brain activation in two right-lateralized regions located mainly in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus in children with ADHD compared to children in the control group. Although comparable on behavioral measures, the groups differed in the recruitment of neural circuitry in support of task performance. Interestingly, the pattern of brain activation in these regions separated the participants into their respective groups, suggesting a role of antisaccade paradigms as a biomarker for the investigation of deficits in CC and associated neural correlates in children with ADHD.