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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate Machiavellianism and narcissism as antecedents of ethical leadership and leader effectiveness; in addition the role of ethical context in these relationships is examined. Although no significant effects are found for Machiavellianism, significant effects are found for narcissism when moderated by ethical context on both leader effectiveness and ethical leadership. Findings suggest that the negative direct effect of narcissism may become more salient in an ethical context; on the other hand, perceptions of the effectiveness and ethical leadership of narcissistic leaders may actually be improved in the presence of an unethical context. Implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.