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Abstract
This study focused on whether gambling motivation, risk seeking, and gambling payoffs changed depending on specificity and difficulty of goals and number of gambling symptoms. Gamblers and nongamblers with nonspecific goals were more motivated to gamble by external sources (i.e., money and peers) and a lack of purpose (i.e., gambling without specific reasons). When risk seeking and overconfidence increased, the total gambling payoffs in the Georgia Gambling Task decreased. Knowledge of a game increased a tendency to seek risks in the gambling task. These might be risks of gaining lower payoffs. In addition, the Gambling Motivation Scale had the same factor structure as the newly developed Modified Gambling Motivation Scale. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the seven-factor model suggesting that amotivation and motivations of knowledge, accomplishment, stimulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation were distinct motives of gambling behaviors.