Some scholars consider traditional Chinese gardens to be purely aesthetic, without a consideration of ecological and social outcomes. Study of the Yuanye, an ancient Chinese monograph on garden design in Suzhou, proves that modern ecology can be applied to traditional Chinese gardens, transferring classical Chinese philosophical principles into contemporary practice. Because the research scale and major principles of landscape ecology theory are similar to those of Chinese garden design and construction, and the Yuanye is based on the study of Suzhous gardens, this thesis aims to find the relationship between modern landscape ecology theory and traditional Chinese gardens, specifically those of Suzhou. Sources in both English and Chinese are used to draw the conclusion that landscape ecology and traditional Chinese gardens are consistent with one another, and that differences between the two become the potential to integrate landscape ecology and Chinese philosophy for contemporary landscape design.