In this study I offer an ethnographic and historical account on how indigenous engagements with writing technologies, State governmental projects and extractive markets produce new forms of political imagination and practice in the margins of the contemporary Peruvian State. I explore these issues by focusing on the Federacion de Comunidades Nativas del Ampiyacu (FECONA), an indigenous organization in Peruvian Amazonia that over the last three decades has developed a set of rules and procedures for regulating logging activities in Ampiyacu basin. I find that FECONAs regulatory activities emerge out of the convergence of several histories of territorial and ecological anxiety; engagements with extractive activities; and political fascination with documentary production. Ultimately, I show the critical role of documents and other State material forms in supporting FECONAs regulatory activities, and use these ethnographic disquisitions to think about how indigenous political practices both subvert and reaffirm State power in contemporary Peruvian Amazonia.