Crop raiding is a major part of human-elephant interactions around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) and Way Kambas National Park (WKNP). I quantitatively measured the crop damage and identified the pattern of crop raiding around these two parks. I obtained information on the elephant population size in both parks, and developed a projection model based on differing levels of poaching. Temporal patterns of crop raiding showed that there was no relation between frequency of crop raiding incidents and rainfall pattern. Spatially, crop raiding in BBSNP occurred more frequently at >3 km from the park boundary, whereas in WKNP it occurred <1 km from the park boundary. The elephant population estimate in BBSNP was 498 (373-666, 95% CI), compared to180 (144-225, 95% CI) in WKNP. Based on population trajectories from my modeling approach, effective protection around these parks is necessary to minimize extinction probability over the next 50 years.