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Abstract
The objective of this research was to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece using phosphorus containing maleic acid oligomers (PMAO) and hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO). We found both PMAO and HFPO can be bound to the cotton fleece by esterification with cotton cellulose. The 45 flammability and limiting oxygen index data indicated that the treatment of cotton fleece using PMAO and HFPO reduced the flammability of cotton fleece effectively. The micro-scale combustion calorimetry data revealed that PMAO and HFPO reduced the peak heat release rate and heat release capacity of the treated cotton. The cotton fleece after treatment can pass the federal ammability test (16 CFR Part 1610) and achieve Class 1 flammability. The use of TEA can modestly enhance the performance of PMAO and HFPO with no significant changes in fabric physical properties and was durable to multiple home laundering cycles.