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Abstract

Native grasses are increasingly used in the landscape. Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium L.), a native perennial bunchgrass, has good ornamental traits. Our objective was to develop an improved micropropagation protocol for little bluestem. In 2016, we cultured immature inflorescences of eight genotypes of little bluestem on MS medium with kinetin and 2,4-D under three levels of light to initiate callus. Level of kinetin had an effect on the induction of callus and number of rooted plants. Light and 2,4-D levels had no effect. In 2017, we cultured immature inflorescences of four genotypes of little bluestem on MS medium with 2,4-D and either kinetin or BAP. Cultures on medium with BAP had higher levels of callus induction than those on kinetin and produced more rooted plants. Genetic and phenotypic variability in little bluestem makes it a good candidate for breeding new cultivars. Our objective was to assess genetic diversity among little bluestem genotypes from three regions in the United States: the Midwest, New England, and Georgia. We assessed genetic diversity of 49 genotypes of little bluestem using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers that had been developed for the little bluestem cultivar The Blues. An AMOVA revealed that 13.1% of the variation was among regions and 86.9% of the variation was within regions. Neis genetic distance was highest between the Midwest and Georgia groups and smallest between the New England and Midwest groups. Cluster analysis in Structure showed three groups. Regional groups did not cluster together. Ten mature genotypes of Vitex L., an ornamental tree, were evaluated during summer 2016 to assess their attractiveness to pollinators. Pollinator counts were taken at 9:00 and 11:00 a.m. twice weekly for three weeks. Insects captured on Vitex plants and in the field were identified to genus. Bumblebees were further identified to species. Pollinators captured on the Vitex plants were principally bumblebees and honeybees. V. agnus-castus L. plants attracted more native bees than honeybees, while V. negundo L. plants attracted more honeybees than native bees. Our study shows that Vitex plants can be a good resource to support pollinators in an urban landscape.

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