Surveillance data indicate that high-risk heterosexual contact (e.g., sex without a condom and/or with a known HIV+ partner) is the suspected source of infection for 78% of HIV+ women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). Despite increased knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention, consistent safer sex practices have not been adopted by women, particularly in relationships with male significant others. Prior research has shown that, although college women tend to subjectively describe themselves as being at low risk of contracting HIV, their sexual behaviors and lack of HIV testing are largely consistent with a high-risk profile (Yarnall, McBride, Lyna, Fish et al., 2003). Considering prior research, it is likely that a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors contribute to the level of HIV risk that young women face, especially in their relationships with significant dating partners. The purpose of the current study was to examine the interrelatedness of relationship status, sexual power, alcohol consumption, and HIV risk perception as predictors of sexual risk-taking behaviors among college women. Overall, results from the current study indicate that these variables impact womens sexual behaviors. Participants endorsed less consistent condom use with boyfriends and in lengthier relationships. Likewise, perceived intimacy was shown to be negatively associated with condom use. Results also indicated that perceived sexual power was positively correlated with consistency of condom use with new sexual partners but not during the last/most recent month of womens relationships. It was also shown that alcohol use before or during sex moderated the negative association between perceived intimacy and condom use over the course of a relationship. Specifically, more consistent condom use was reported in less intimate relationships when alcohol is consumed less frequently before or during sex. This study also demonstrated that, despite engaging in frequent unprotected sex, the vast majority of participants denied previous HIV testing for themselves or their partners. Taken together, results from the current study reflect the extent to which womens sexual protection is influenced by a multitude of individual and relationship variables. Results are indicative of the complex context in which womens sexual behaviors occur. Implications for continued research on womens HIV risk and prevention are discussed.